Sandvik 6R35 is an austenitic, titanium-stabilized stainless chromium-nickel steel. It is suitable for wet-corrosive service but also has good mechanical strength at high temperatures.
Standards
- ASTM: TP321, TP321H
- UNS: S32100, S32109
- EN Number: 1.4541, 1.4940
- EN Name: X6CrNiTi18-10, X7CrNiTi18-10
- W.Nr.: 1.4541, 1.4878
- DIN: X6CrNiTi 18 10, X12CrNiTi 18 9
- SS: 2337
- AFNOR: Z6CNT18-10
- BS: 321S31, 321S51
Product standards
Seamless tube and pipe
- ASTM A213, A312, A269, A376, (A511)
- EN 10216-5
- BS 3059, 3605, 3606
- DIN 17456, 17458
- SS 14 23 37
- NFA 49-117, 49-217
Approvals
PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) 2014/68/EU and AD2000
Chemical composition (nominal) %
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 | 0.5 | 1.3 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.015 | 17.5 | 10.5 |
Ti=>5xC
Forms of supply
Seamless tube and pipe-Finishes and dimensions
Seamless tube and pipe in Sandvik 6R35 is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm outside diameter in the solution-annealed and white-pickled condition or solution-annealed in a bright-annealing process.
Hollow bar
Hollow bars are supplied solution-annealed and white-pickled.
Sizes in stock
Seamless tube and pipe
Seamless tube and pipe are stocked in a wide range of sizes according to ISO and ANSI both in hot extruded as well as in the cold finished and annealed condition. Details of our manufacturing and stock programme are given in catalogue S-110-ENG.
Hollow bar
Hollow bar is stocked in large number of sizes. Our standard size range for stock comprises 32-250 mm (1.3-9.8 in.) O.D. See catalogue S-110-ENG.
Filler metal for welding
The sizes listed below are Sandvik stock standard. The local stocks carry sizes in common demand on the market. For technical information on the filler metals please refer to brochures S-2361-ENG and S-2362-ENG.
Welding wire/rod
Sandvik 19.9.NbSi: 0.80, 1.00, 1.20, 1.60 mm diameter
Sandvik 19.9.LSi: 0.80, 1.00, 1.20, 1.60 mm diameter
Covered electrodes
Sandvik 19.9.LR: 1.60, 2.00, 2.50, 3.25, 4.00 mm diameter
Mechanical properties
At 20°C (68°F)
| Proof strength | Tensile strength | Elong. | Hardness | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2a) | Rp1.0a) | Rm | Ab) | HRB | |||
| MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | % | |
| ≥210 | ≥30 | ≥240 | ≥35 | 515-690 | 75-100 | ≥35c) | ≤90 |
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
a) Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65 √S0 where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-section area.
c) NFA 49-117 and NFA 49–217 with min 45% can be fulfilled.
Impact strength
Due to its austenitic microstructure, Sandvik 6R35 has very good impact strength both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures.
Tests have demonstrated that the steel fulfils the requirements (60 J (44 ft-lb) at -196 oC (-320 oF)) according to the European standards EN 13445-2 (UFPV-2) and EN 10216-5.
At high temperatures
| Temperature | Proof strength c) | |
|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 | Rp1.0 | |
| °C | MPa | MPa |
| min | min | |
| 50 | 195 | 230 |
| 100 | 180 | 210 |
| 150 | 170 | 195 |
| 200 | 160 | 185 |
| 250 | 150 | 180 |
| 300 | 140 | 175 |
| 350 | 135 | 170 |
| 400 | 130 | 165 |
| 450 | 130 | 165 |
| 500 | 125 | 160 |
| 550 | 125 | 160 |
|
600
|
120
|
155
|
| Temperature | Proof strength c) | |
|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 | Rp1.0 | |
| °F | ksi | ksi |
| min | min | |
| 200 | 26.0 | 30.5 |
| 400 | 22.5 | 26.5 |
| 600 | 19.5 | 25.0 |
| 800 | 18.5 | 23.5 |
| 1000 | 17.5 | 23.0 |
|
1100
|
17.0
|
22.0
|
c) For extruded tube and pipe with wall thickness greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) the proof strength may fall short of the stated value by 20 MPa (2.9 ksi) at 100°C (200°F) and by 10 MPa (1.4 ksi) in the temperature range 200-600°C (400-1100°F).
| Temperature | 10 000 h | 100 000 h | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi |
| approx. | approx. | approx. | approx. | ||
| 550 | 1020 | 234 | 34.0 | 184 | 26.7 |
| 575 | 1065 | 175 | 25.4 | 126 | 18.3 |
| 600 | 1110 | 143 | 20.7 | 94 | 13.6 |
| 625 | 1155 | 110 | 16.0 | 75 | 10.9 |
| 650 | 1200 | 90 | 13.1 | 58 | 8.4 |
| 675 | 1245 | 76 | 11.0 | 48 | 7.0 |
| 700 | 1290 | 59 | 8.6 | 39 | 5.7 |
| 750 | 1380 | 29 | 4.2 | 16 | 2.3 |
Physical properties
Density: 7.9 g/cm3, 0.29 lb/in3
| Temperature, °C | W/m °C | Temperature, °F | Btu/ft h °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 14 | 68 | 8 |
| 100 | 15 | 200 | 8.5 |
| 200 | 17 | 400 | 10 |
| 300 | 19 | 600 | 11 |
| 400 | 21 | 800 | 12 |
| 500 | 22 | 1000 | 13 |
| 600 | 24 | 1200 | 14 |
| 700 | 25 | 1400 | 15 |
| 800 | 26 | 1600 | 16 |
| 900 | 28 | 1800 | 16.5 |
| 1000 | 29 | 2000 | 17.5 |
| 1100 | 30 |
| Temperature, °C | J/kg °C | Temperature, °F | Btu/lb °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 465 | 68 | 0.11 |
| 100 | 490 | 200 | 0.12 |
| 200 | 515 | 400 | 0.12 |
| 300 | 540 | 600 | 0.13 |
| 400 | 560 | 800 | 0.14 |
| 500 | 580 | 1000 | 0.14 |
| 600 | 595 | 1200 | 0.14 |
| 700 | 610 | 1400 | 0.15 |
| 800 | 625 | 1600 | 0.15 |
| 900 | 640 | 1800 | 0.16 |
| 1000 | 650 | 2000 | 0.16 |
| 1100 | 665 |
| Temperature, °C | Per °C | Temperature, °F | Per °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30-100 | 17.5 | 86-200 | 9.5 |
| 30-200 | 17.5 | 86-400 | 10 |
| 30-300 | 18 | 86-600 | 10 |
| 30-400 | 18 | 86-800 | 10 |
| 30-500 | 18.5 | 86-1000 | 10.5 |
| 30-600 | 18.5 | 86-1200 | 10.5 |
| 30-700 | 19 | 86-1300 | 10.5 |
1) Mean values in temperature ranges (x10-6)
| Temperature, °C | MPa | Temperature, °F | ksi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 200 | 68 | 29.0 |
| 100 | 194 | 200 | 28.2 |
| 200 | 186 | 400 | 26.9 |
| 300 | 179 | 600 | 25.8 |
| 400 | 172 | 800 | 24.7 |
| 500 | 165 | 1000 | 23.5 |
1) (x103)
Corrosion resistance
General corrosion
Sandvik 6R35 has with some limitations (nitric acid) the same resistance as the unstabilised steel ASTM 304. Consequently, the grades have good resistance to
- Organic acids at moderate temperatures
- Salt solutions, e.g. sulfates, sulfides and sulfites
- Caustic environments at moderate temperatures
Intergranular corrosion
The stabilization with titanium gives Sandvik 6R35 improved resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Pitting and crevice corrosion
Pitting and crevice corrosion may occur even in solutions of relatively low chloride content. However, the stabilization with titanium results in a somewhat better resistance than that of ASTM 304.
Stress corrosion cracking
Austenitic steels, like Sandvik 6R35 are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This may occur at temperatures above about 60°C (140°F), if the material is subjected to tensile stresses and at the same time comes into contact with certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides. Such service conditions should therefore be avoided. Conditions when plants are shut down must also be considered as the condensates which are then formed can develop a chloride content that leads to both stress corrosion cracking and pitting.
In applications demanding high resistance to stress corrosion cracking we recommend the austenitic-ferritic steel Sandvik SAF 2304.
Gas corrosion
Sandvik 6R35 can be used in:
- Air up to 850°C (1560°F)
- Steam up to 750°C (1380°F)
- Synthesis gas (ammonia synthesis) up to about 550°C (1020°F)
Creep should also be taken into account when using the steel in the creep range.
In flue gases containing sulfur, the corrosion resistance is reduced. in such environments this steel can be used at temperatures up to 600-750°C (1110-1380°F) depending on service conditions. Factors to consider are whether the atmosphere is oxidizing or reducing, i.e. the oxygen content, and whether impurities such as sodium and vanadium are present.
Heat treatment
The tubes are normally delivered as described above. If additional heat treatment is needed after further processing the following is recommended.
Solution annealing
Tp 321
1040-1100°C (1905-2010°F), 2-5 min, rapid cooling in air or water.
Tp321H
Stabilisation treatment: 1040-1100°C (1920-2010°F), 2-5 min rapid cooling in air or water. However, annealing above 1100°C (2010°F) may be required in order to meet grain size requirements. This treatment should be followed by a stabilisation treatment.
Stress relieving
850-950°C (1560-1740°F), 10-15 minutes, cooling in air.
Welding
The weldability of Sandvik 6R35 is good. Suitable welding methods are manual metal-arc welding with covered electrodes and gas-shielded arc welding with the TIG and MIG methods as first choice. Preheating and post-weld heat treatment are not normally necessary.
Since the material has low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion, welding must be carried out with a low heat input and with welding plans well thought out in advance so that the deformation of the welded joint can be kept under control. If, despite these precautions, it is foreseen that the residual stresses might impair the function of the weldment, we recommend that the entire structure be stress relieved.
As filler metal for gas-shielded arc welding we recommend wire electrodes and rods Sanicro 72. In manual metal-arc welding covered electrodes Sanicro 72 are recommended. For application at temperatures up to 400°C (750°F) also welding wire/rod Sandvik 19.9.NbSi, 19.9.Nb, 19.9.LSi or 19.9.L and covered electrodes Sandvik 19.9.NbR or 19.9.LR are recommended.
Bending
Annealing after cold bending is not normally necessary, but this point must be decided with regard to the degree of bending and the operating conditions. Heat treatment, if any, should take the form of stress-relieving or solution annealing.
Hot bending is carried out at 1100-850°C (2010-1560°F) and should be followed by solution annealing.
Machining
Sandvik 6R35 has good machining properties. Please contact Sandvik for detailed recommendations on the choice of tools and cutting data.
Applications
Good resistance to hydrogen sulfide gas and intergranular corrosion coupled with good high temperature strength make Sandvik 6R35 a suitable material for applications as tubes in heating furnaces and heat exchangers in sulfurisation and hydro-treating plants. In the petrochemical industry the steel is used in cracking furnaces for the production of ethylene and vinyl chloride. It is also frequently used for heat exchangers and piping in the chemical and petrochemical industries.