Sanmac® 304/304L is an austenitic chromium-nickel steel with improved machinability.
Standards
- ASTM: MT 304, MT 304L
- UNS: S30400, S30403
- EN Number: 1.4301, 1.4307
- EN Name: X5CrNi18-10, X2CrNi18-9
- JIS: SUS304TKA
Product standards in applicable parts
- EN 10216-5*, EN 10297-2, EN 10294-2
- ASTM A511
- JIS G3446
* The leakage test is deferred to the finished component
Approval
JIS Approval No. SE9402 for Stainless Steel Tubes
Chemical composition (nominal) %
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0.030 | 0.4 | 1.3 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 18.5 | 9 |
Applications
Sanmac® 304/304L is used for a wide range of industrial applications. Typical examples are: Machined parts for tube and pipe fittings, valves, components for pumps, heat exchangers and vessels, different tubular shafts in chemical, petrochemical, fertilizer, pulp and paper and power industries as well as in the production of pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages.
Corrosion resistance
General corrosion
Sanmac® 304/304L has good resistance to:
- Organic acids at moderate temperatures, with the exception of formic acid
- Sulphates, sulphides and sulphites
- Caustic solutions at moderate temperatures
- Oxidizing acids like nitric acid
Stress corrosion cracking
Austenitic steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This may occur at temperatures above about 60°C (140°F) if the steel is subjected to tensile stresses and at the same time comes into contact with certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides.
In applications demanding high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, the austenitic-ferritic steels SAF™ 2304, Alleima® 10RE51 or Sanmac® SAF™ 2205 have higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking than 304L.
Intergranular corrosion
Sanmac® 304/304L has a low carbon content and therefore good resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Pitting and crevice corrosion
The steel may be sensitive to pitting and crevice corrosion even in solutions of relatively low chloride content. Molybdenum-alloyed steels have better resistance and the resistance improves with increasing molybdenum content.
Forms of supply
Hollow bar- Finishes, dimensions and tolerances
Hollow bar in Sanmac® 304L is stocked in various sizes in the solution annealed and white-pickled condition. See catalogues S-110-ENG or S-02909-ENG.
Dimensions are given as outside and inside diameters with guaranteed component sizes after machining, see catalogues.
Outside diameter tolerance is +2/-0%, but minimum +1/-0mm
Inside diameter tolerance is +0/-2%, but minimum +0/-1mm
Straightness +/-1.5mm/m
Other tolerances can be supplied against special order
Other forms of supply
Bar
Steel with improved machinability, Sanmac®, is also available in bar.
Heat treatment
Hollow bar is delivered in heat treated condition. If further heat treatment is needed after further processing the following is recommended:
Stress relieving
850–950°C (1560–1740°F), cooling in air.
Solution annealing
1000–1100°C (1830–2010°F), rapid cooling in air or water.
Mechanical properties
For hollow bar with wall thicknesses greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) the proof strength may fall short of the stated values by about 10 MPa (1.4 ksi).
At 20°C (68°F)
| Proof strength | Tensile strength | Elong. | Hardness | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2a | Rp1.0a | Rm | Ab | A2" | HRB |
| MPa | MPa | MPa | % | % | |
| ≥210 | ≥240 | 515-680 | ≥45 | ≥35 | ≤90 |
| Proof strength | Tensile strength | Elong. | Hardness | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2a | Rp1.0a | Rm | Ab | A2" | HRB |
| ksi | ksi | ksi | % | % | |
| ≥30 | ≥35 | 75-99 | ≥45 | ≥35 | ≤90 |
1 MPa = 1N/mm2
a)Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65 ÖS0 where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-section area.
Impact strength
Due to its austenitic microstructure, Sanmac® 304/304L has very good impact strength both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures.
Tests have demonstrated that the steel fulfils the requirements (60 J (44 ft-lb) at -196 oC (-320 oF)) according to the European standards EN 13445-2 (UFPV-2) and EN 10216-5.
At high temperatures
| Temperature | Proof strength | Tensile strength | |
|---|---|---|---|
| °C | Rp0.2a | Rp1.0a | Rm |
| MPa | MPa | MPa | |
| min. | min. | min. | |
| 50 | 190 | 215 | 480 |
| 100 | 165 | 195 | 450 |
| 150 | 150 | 175 | 425 |
| 200 | 140 | 165 | 400 |
| 250 | 130 | 155 | 390 |
| 300 | 125 | 150 | 380 |
| 350 | 120 | 145 | 370 |
| 400 | 115 | 140 | 365 |
| 450 | 110 | 135 | 355 |
| 500 | 105 | 130 | 345 |
| 550 | 100 | 125 | 325 |
| 600 | 95 | 120 | 305 |
| Temperature | Proof strength | Tensile strength | |
|---|---|---|---|
| °F | Rp0.2a | Rp1.0a | Rm |
| ksi | ksi | ksi | |
| min. | min. | min. | |
| 200 | 24 | 29 | 66 |
| 400 | 20 | 24 | 58 |
| 600 | 18 | 21 | 55 |
| 800 | 16 | 19 | 52 |
| 1000 | 15 | 18 | 48 |
Physical properties
Density: 7.9 g/cm3, 0.29 lb/in3
Thermal Conductivity
| Temperature, °C | W/m °C | Temperature, °F | Btu/ft h °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 15 | 68 | 8.5 |
| 100 | 16 | 200 | 9.5 |
| 200 | 18 | 400 | 10.5 |
| 300 | 20 | 600 | 12 |
| 400 | 22 | 800 | 13 |
| 500 | 23 | 1000 | 14 |
| 600 | 25 | 1200 | 15 |
| 700 | 26 | 1300 | 15 |
| Temperature, °C | J/kg °C | Temperature, °F | Btu/lb °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 475 | 68 | 0.11 |
| 100 | 500 | 200 | 0.12 |
| 200 | 530 | 400 | 0.13 |
| 300 | 560 | 600 | 0.13 |
| 400 | 580 | 800 | 0.14 |
| 500 | 600 | 1000 | 0.14 |
| 600 | 615 | 1200 | 0.15 |
| 700 | 625 | 1300 | 0.15 |
| Temperature, °C | Per °C | Temperature, °F | Per °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30-100 | 16.5 | 86-200 | 9.5 |
| 30-200 | 17 | 86-400 | 9.5 |
| 30-300 | 17.5 | 86-600 | 10 |
| 30-400 | 18 | 86-800 | 10 |
| 30-500 | 18.5 | 86-1000 | 10 |
| 30-600 | 18.5 | 86-1200 | 10.5 |
| 30-700 | 19 | 86-1400 | 10.5 |
| Temperature, °C | MPa | Temperature, °F | ksi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 200 | 68 | 29.0 |
| 100 | 194 | 200 | 28.2 |
| 200 | 186 | 400 | 26.9 |
| 300 | 179 | 600 | 25.8 |
| 400 | 172 | 800 | 24.7 |
| 500 | 165 | 1000 | 23.5 |
Welding
The weldability of SANMAC® 304/304L is good. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding (MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice.
Since this material is alloyed in such a way to improve its machinability, the amount of surface oxides on the welded beads might be higher compared to that of the standard 304/304L steels. This may lead to arc instability during TIG/GTAW welding, especially welding without filer material. However, the welding behavior of this material is the same as for standard 304/304L steels when welding with filler material.
For SANMAC® 304/304L, heat input of <2.0 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended. Preheating and post-weld heat treatment are normally not necessary.
Recommended filler metals
TIG/GTAW or MIG/GMAW welding
ISO 14343 S 19 9 L / AWS A5.9 ER308L (e.g. Exaton 19.9.L)
MMA/SMAW welding
ISO 3581 E 19 9 L R / AWS A5.4 E308L-17(e.g. Exaton 19.9.LR)
Machining
Sanmac is our trademark for the Alleima machinability concept. In Sanmac materials, machinability has been improved without jeopardizing properties such as corrosion resistance and mechanical strength.
The improved machinability is owing to:
- Optimized non-metallic inclusions
- Optimal chemical composition
- Optimized process and production parameters
Detailed recommendations for the choice of tools and cutting data regarding turning, thread cutting, parting/grooving, drilling, milling and sawing are provided in the brochure S-02909-ENG.
The diagram shows the ranges within which data should be chosen in order to obtain a tool life of minimum 10 minutes when machining austenitic Sanmac materials (304/304L, 316/316L).
Figure 1. Machining chart Sandvik Sanmac 304L and 316L.
The ranges are limited in the event of low feeds because of unacceptable chip breaking. In the case of high cutting speeds, plastic deformation is the most dominant cause of failure. When feed increases and the cutting speed falls, edge frittering (chipping) increases significantly. The diagram is applicable for short cutting times. For long, continuous cuts, the cutting speeds should be reduced somewhat.
The lowest recommended cutting speed is determined by the tendency of the material to stick to the insert (built-up-edge), although the integrity of insert clamping and the stability of the machine are also of great significance.
It is important to conclude which wear mechanism is active, in order to optimize cutting data with the aid of the diagram.
Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Alleima materials.